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Home > Issues > Volume 7 (2002) > No.2(pp.25-59)

Charge Transformation of CU-ions in CuxFe3-xO4 (x=0.1, 0.2)

Journal of Magnetics, Volume 7, Number 2, 30 Jun 2002, Pages 25-28
Choong Sub Lee* (Department of Physics, Pukyong National University), Chan Young Lee(Department of Physics, Pukyong National University), Dong Wook Kwon(Department of Physics, Pukyong National University)
Abstract
Slowly cooled CuxFe3-xO4 (=0.1, 0.2) have been investigated over a temperature range from 82 to 700 K using the Mössbauer technique. X-ray diffraction shows that these have a single-phase cubic spinel structure of lattice parameters α=8.396 and 8.398Å, respectively. Since Cu ions prefer B (octahedral) sites to A (tetrahedral) sites, the ionic distribution is (Fe)A[Fe2-xCux]BO4. Mössbauer spectra consisted of two sets of 6-line pattern from. A site in ferric state and B site in ferrous-ferric state. Intensity ratio of B to A subspectra is 1.0 at 82 K and increases to 2.0 at 700 K with increasing temperature. After annealing the samples under vacuum at 450℃ for a half hour, x-ray diffraction patterns have the peaks of magnetite- and hematite-phase. Lattice constants of magnetite-phase are 8.395 and 8.392Å smaller than 8.396 and 8.398Å before annealing, respectively. Mössbauer spectra reveal the conventional magnetite pattern with the additional hematite pattern. Intensity ratios of B to A subspectra fur magnetite-phase become 1.9-2.0 over all temperature ranges and Cu ions are distributed over A and B sites randomly. Ratios of hematite to total intensity in Mössbauer spectra for x = 0.1 and x = 0.2 are 10 and 21%, respectively. These hematite ratios may be due to annealing under vacuum at 450℃, which transforms Cu2+ ionic states into Cu1+. Verwey temperatures far x = 0.1 and x = 0.2 are 123±2K and 128±2K.
Keywords: Mössbauer; Verwey; magnetite; hematite; electron-hopping; substituted ferrite
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