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Home > Issues > SearchEffects of Yttrium and Cerium co-substitution on Structures and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B Magnets
Journal of Magnetics, Volume 27, Number 2, 30 Jun 2022, Pages 155-163
Xiaoqiang Yu * 
(Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Lei He (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Yuting Hu (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Jiajie Li * (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Xiao Liu (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Yuhan Wang (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Chunji Li (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Munan Yang (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Zhenchen Zhong (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology)
(Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Lei He (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Yuting Hu (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Jiajie Li * (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Xiao Liu (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Yuhan Wang (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Chunji Li (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Munan Yang (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Zhenchen Zhong (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology)
Abstract
Cerium-containing (Ce) rare earth magnets with extraordinary cost-effectiveness are widely investigated
around the world. However, when the concentration of Ce is much more, the kind of these magnets exhibits
very poor thermal stability and overall magnetic properties. To weaken these disadvantages, we take eutectic
Y50Ce50 co-substitution alloys into account in this work. Magnetic properties, microstructures and metallurgical
behaviors of (Y, Ce, Nd)-Fe-B magnets are systematically researched. For (Y50Ce50)10Nd20Fe68.9B1.1 SPSed
permanent magnets, good overall magnetic properties are Hcj = 725 kA/m, Jr = 0.73 T and (BH)max = 81 kJ/m3.
It schematically depicts that coarse grain zones and fine grain zones occur during the spark plasma sintering
(SPS) process. With the Nd content increasing, the deleterious CeFe2 phases disappear. In addition, the volume
fraction and width of coarse grain zones decrease. Ce-rich and Ce-lean regions are also observed in main
phases, while Y and Nd elements are uniformly distributed. TEM results show that Nd and Ce are rich in the
grain boundary and Y elements prefer to enter in 2:14:1 main phases. This work is favorable to a balanced utilization
of high abundance rare earth elements in Nd-Fe-B magnets.
around the world. However, when the concentration of Ce is much more, the kind of these magnets exhibits
very poor thermal stability and overall magnetic properties. To weaken these disadvantages, we take eutectic
Y50Ce50 co-substitution alloys into account in this work. Magnetic properties, microstructures and metallurgical
behaviors of (Y, Ce, Nd)-Fe-B magnets are systematically researched. For (Y50Ce50)10Nd20Fe68.9B1.1 SPSed
permanent magnets, good overall magnetic properties are Hcj = 725 kA/m, Jr = 0.73 T and (BH)max = 81 kJ/m3.
It schematically depicts that coarse grain zones and fine grain zones occur during the spark plasma sintering
(SPS) process. With the Nd content increasing, the deleterious CeFe2 phases disappear. In addition, the volume
fraction and width of coarse grain zones decrease. Ce-rich and Ce-lean regions are also observed in main
phases, while Y and Nd elements are uniformly distributed. TEM results show that Nd and Ce are rich in the
grain boundary and Y elements prefer to enter in 2:14:1 main phases. This work is favorable to a balanced utilization
of high abundance rare earth elements in Nd-Fe-B magnets.
Keywords: Cerium-containing magnets; magnetic properties; spark plasma sintering; Nd-Fe-B
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4283/JMAG.2022.27.2.155
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