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Structural and Magnetic Properties of Cr-doped SnO2 Nanocrystalline Powders Based Dilute Magnetic Oxides
Journal of Magnetics, Volume 26, Number 3, 30 Sep 2021, Pages 256-264
Abstract
The nanocrystalline powders of Cr-doped SnO2 with Cr-dopant concentrations of 2, 4 and 6 wt%, were
synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. XRD results, along with the FT-IR and SAED patterns,
confirmed the formation of the SnO2’s tetragonal phase without other impurity phases. Optical analysis
revealed a significant decrease in the energy gap of the doped samples from 3.69 to 3.40 eV. X-ray absorption
spectroscopy, including x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy, was used to qualitatively investigate the
valence states of doped Cr. Room temperature ferromagnetism was observed in Cr-doped SnO2 samples. The
highest value of magnetization was found in SnO2 doped with 4 wt% of Cr (about 4.88 memu/g) and decreased
slightly as the Cr concentration increased. The reduction of magnetization with the increase of Cr content
happened because antiferromagnetic Cr-O-Cr super-exchange interaction took place within the nearest Cr3+
ions through O2 ions. The oxygen vacancies were induced by the ferromagnetism in the Cr-doped SnO2
nanocrystalline powders.
synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. XRD results, along with the FT-IR and SAED patterns,
confirmed the formation of the SnO2’s tetragonal phase without other impurity phases. Optical analysis
revealed a significant decrease in the energy gap of the doped samples from 3.69 to 3.40 eV. X-ray absorption
spectroscopy, including x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy, was used to qualitatively investigate the
valence states of doped Cr. Room temperature ferromagnetism was observed in Cr-doped SnO2 samples. The
highest value of magnetization was found in SnO2 doped with 4 wt% of Cr (about 4.88 memu/g) and decreased
slightly as the Cr concentration increased. The reduction of magnetization with the increase of Cr content
happened because antiferromagnetic Cr-O-Cr super-exchange interaction took place within the nearest Cr3+
ions through O2 ions. The oxygen vacancies were induced by the ferromagnetism in the Cr-doped SnO2
nanocrystalline powders.
Keywords: Tin oxide; ferromagnetism; magnetic properties; dilute magnetic oxide; nanocrystalline powder
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4283/JMAG.2021.26.3.256
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